This is the preparation to something that's about to happen in a scene. The prime examples of anticipation are when a pitcher winds his arm back to throw a ball or a golfer swinging back to hit the golf ball. But in fact, it is all over animation in almost every animated feature, TV show, etc. It is something so many people never notice unless you learn about animation. But it is everywhere. I myself did not notice this principle. I never noticed until now that I'm learning about the principles of animation. A few Anticipation examples that I can think of are when a bomb is about to go off and a character closes their eyes and covers their ears with their hands. The anticipation here is covering their ears and closing their eyes because this bomb is about to go off. One cartoon character that comes to mind that uses this principle a lot is the Coyote from Looney Tunes in his never-ending pursuit of the Road Runner. When he runs of the edge of something he stays suspended in the air for a second or two meanwhile his face turns all terrified because he knows what's about to happen. That's the anticipation to him eventually falling hundreds of feet down a canyon or something. Or when one of his traps backfire on him and a big boulder is falling about to crush him. He looks up and his face turns into a terrified face right before the boulder lands on him. I also learned that anticipation is cut out as a comic effect. The anticipation is not present so what's about to happen can be a surprise. Like a big boulder suddenly falling on top of the Coyote. It has happened. The Coyote never saw it coming. This can be referred to as a 'surprise gag'.
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